Classification of our standard standards
　　
According to the standardization object, the standard is usually divided into three categories: technical standards, management standards and work standards.
　　
Technical standards – standards developed for technical matters in the field of standardization that need to be harmonized. Including basic standards, product standards, process standards, testing and test method standards, and safety, health, environmental protection standards, etc.
　　
Management standards - standards for management matters that need to be harmonized in the field of standardization.
　　
Work standards - the standards formulated for the responsibilities, rights, scope, quality requirements, procedures, effects, inspection methods, and assessment methods of work.
　　
The hierarchy of our standards
　　
China's standards are divided into national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards, and the standards are divided into two categories: mandatory standards and recommended standards
　
National standard code

Mandatory national standard GB

Recommended national standard GB/T

National standard guiding technical document GB/Z

National military code: GJB

Example: GJB/Z 9001-2001 (issued by the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense)

GJB 9001-2001 (issued by General Armament Department)
　　　
1. The composition of the standard name
　
The standard name consists of several independent elements that are as short as possible, namely the guiding element, the main element, and the supplementary element.
　
Guiding element (shoulder title): indicates the professional technical field or category to which the standard belongs, that is, the scope of the technical field to which the standardization object belongs.
　
Main element (main title): Represents the topic discussed in a specific area of expertise, i.e. the object of standardization.
　
Supplementary elements (subtitle): Indicates the specific technical characteristics of the standardization object.
　
The three elements that make up the standard name are arranged from general to specific (or macro to micro). The elements are independent and complementary without duplication and overlap. For example:
　
GB/T 17451-1998 Technical drawing Drawing method view
　
Among them, "GB/T 17451" is the standard code, "technical drawing" is the guiding element (shoulder title), "graphic drawing method" is the main element (main title), and "view" is the supplementary element (subtitle).
　
Each standard must have a body element, i.e. the main title of the standard cannot be omitted. If the main title and subtitle are used together to clearly and unambiguously express the standard topic, you can omit the shoulder heading. For example:
　
GB/T 2900.18-1992 Electrician terminology Low voltage electrical
　
In a series of standards, sub-criteria include a subtitle in the name. For example:

GB/T 4459.6-1996 Mechanical drawing Representation of dynamic sealing rings

GB/T 4459.7-1998 Mechanical drawing Rolling bearing representation
　
The subtitle can also be omitted if the main title includes all the technical characteristics of the topic. As:

GB/T 3374-1992 Basic terms for gears
　
2. Basic concepts
　
Standards - are uniform provisions for repetitive things and concepts, which are based on the comprehensive results of scientific, technical and practical experience, approved by the competent body, and issued in a specific form by consensus of the parties concerned, as guidelines and basis for common compliance.
　
Standardization refers to the activities in which repetitive things and concepts are developed, issued and implemented in social practices such as economy, technology, science and management, so as to achieve the best order and social benefits.
　
Formulating standards refers to the activities of the standard-setting department to prepare plans and organize drafting, approval, numbering and release of projects that need to formulate standards. It is one of the standardization tasks and the starting point of standardization activities.
　
Standard filing refers to the activity of the department or unit responsible for formulating the standard after the issuance of a standard to send the standard text and relevant materials to the standardization administrative department and the relevant administrative department for filing for reference.
　
Standard review refers to the activity of re-examining the technical content and index level of the standard by the formulating department after a certain period of use in accordance with the needs of China's scientific and technological development and economic construction, so as to confirm the effectiveness of the standard.
　
The implementation of standards refers to the activities of implementing standards in an organized, planned and measured manner, and is the process of implementing the content of standards stipulated by standard development departments, user departments or enterprises into production, circulation, use and other fields. It is one of the tasks of standardization work, and it is also the purpose of standardization work.
　
Supervision of the implementation of standards - is the activity of state administrative organs to supervise, inspect and deal with the implementation of standards. It is an important means for the government standardization administrative department and other relevant administrative departments to lead and manage standardization activities, and it is also one of the standardization tasks, the purpose of which is to promote the implementation of standards, supervise the effect of standard implementation, assess the advanced and rationality of standards, and discover problems in standards at any time through the supervision of standard implementation, and provide a basis for further revision of standards.
　
Standard system - is the standard related to the achievement of a specific standardization purpose, according to its intrinsic linkage, according to some requirements formed by the organic whole of science. It is the totality of standard grading and standard attributes, reflecting the intrinsic relationship between standards, interdependence and mutual constraints.
　
Standardized law - in the strict sense, there is a broad and narrow sense. Standardization law in a broad sense refers to the sum of legal norms that regulate social relations and social order related to standardization, including the Standardization Law and its accompanying aspects
rules and regulations; Standardization law in a narrow sense refers to the Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on December 29, 1988, which is the fundamental law of China's standardization management.
　
Standardization Technical Committee - is an important organizational form for formulating national standards and industry standards, and it is a technical work organization engaged in national standardization work in a certain professional field.
　
National standards refer to the standards formulated by technical requirements that are of great significance to the national economic and technological development and need to be unified throughout the country. National standards are applied nationwide, and standards at other levels must not contradict them. National standards are the main body in the four-level standard system.
　
Industry standards refer to the standards formulated for technical requirements that do not have national standards and need to be unified within a certain industry in the country. Industry standards are a supplement to national standards and are professional and technical standards. The formulation of industry standards shall not contradict national standards, and the corresponding industry standards shall be abolished after the national standards are published and implemented.
　
Local standards refer to the standards formulated for the safety and health requirements of industrial products that do not have national standards and industry standards but need to be unified within the scope of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and local standards shall be applied within the administrative region and shall not contradict national standards and standard standards. After the promulgation and implementation of national standards and industry standards, the corresponding local standards shall be abolished.
　
Enterprise standards refer to the product standards formulated by the enterprise and the standards formulated by the technical requirements and management and work requirements that need to be coordinated and unified within the enterprise. Enterprise standards are the basis for enterprises to organize production and business activities.
　
Mandatory standards - is the state through the form of law clearly require that the technical content and requirements stipulated in some standards must be implemented, not allowed to violate or change for any reason or way, such standards are called mandatory standards, including mandatory national standards, industry standards and local standards. Where mandatory standards are violated, the state will pursue the legal responsibility of the parties concerned in accordance with law.
　
Recommended standards - refers to the standards that the state encourages voluntary adoption that have a guiding role but are not suitable for enforcement, that is, the technical content and requirements stipulated in the standards have a general guiding role, allowing the user unit to flexibly choose it in combination with its own actual situation.
　
International standards - refers to the standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), as well as the standards developed by the 27 international organizations listed in the International Standards Keyword Index and certain standards developed by other international organizations recognized as having an internationally advanced level.
　
Foreign advanced standards refer to internationally influential regional standards, national standards formulated by major economically developed countries in the world and some national standards with world advanced level in other countries, internationally accepted group standards and advanced enterprise standards.
The adoption of international standards, including the adoption of advanced foreign standards, refers to the activities of incorporating the content of international standards and foreign advanced standards into China's standards at all levels to varying degrees through analysis and research, and implementing them to achieve the best results.
　
Equivalent to the adoption of international standards - is one of the basic ways to adopt international standards. It means that China's standards are identical to international standards in terms of technical content, and are not written or slightly edited, and can be represented by the pictorial symbol "≡", and its abbreviated letter code is idc or IDC.
　
Equivalent adoption of international standards - is one of the basic methods of adopting international standards. It refers to the technical content of China's standards is basically the same as the international standard, only small differences, in the preparation is not exactly the same as the international standard method, can be represented by the pictorial symbol "=", its abbreviated letter code is eqv or EQV.
　
Non-equivalent adoption of international standards - is one of the basic methods of adopting international standards, which means that China's standards have major differences from international standards in terms of technical content. It can be represented by the pictorial symbol "≠", whose abbreviation letter code is neq or NEQ.
　
Graphic sign - refers to a sign used to express specific information. It consists of a sign formed by a fixed combination of elements such as graphic symbols, colors, geometric shapes (or borders). Its main difference from other signs is that the main element that makes up the logo is the graphic symbol of the sign.
　
Directive signs - are graphic signs that force people to perform certain actions or actions.
National standards and industry standards of the People's Republic of China
　
1. The national standard code of the People's Republic of China

GB--Mandatory National Standard Code

GB/T--Recommended national standard code
　
2. The industry standard code of the People's Republic of China
Serial number Industry standard name Industry standard code Authority

1 NY Department of Agriculture

2 Fisheries SC Ministry of Agriculture

3 Water Resources SL Ministry of Water Resources

4 Forestry LY State Forestry Administration

5 Light Industry QB National Bureau of Light Industry

6 Textile FZ National Textile Industry Agency

7 Pharmaceuticals YY State Medical Products Administration

8 Civil Affairs MZ Ministry of Civil Affairs

9 Education JY Ministry of Education

10 Tobacco YC National Tobacco Monopoly Administration

11 Ferrous Metallurgy YB National Bureau of Metallurgical Industry

12 Nonferrous Metallurgy YS National Bureau of Nonferrous Metals Industry

13 Oil & Gas SY National Petroleum and Chemical Industry Administration

14 Chemical HG State Petroleum and Chemical Industry Administration

15 Petrochemical SH State Petroleum and Chemical Industry Administration

16 Building Materials JC National Bureau of Building Materials Industry

17 Department of Geology and Mineral Resources DZ Land and Resources

18 Land Management TD Department of Land and Resources

19 Surveying and Mapping CH National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping

20 Machinery JB National Machinery Industry Bureau

21 Automotive QC National Bureau of Machinery Industry

22 Civil Aviation MH Civil Aviation Administration of China

23 Ordnance Industry and Civilian Products WJ Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense

24 Ship CB Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense

25 aviation HB Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for Defense

26 Aerospace QJ Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense

27 Nuclear Industry EJ Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense

28 Rail Transport TB Ministry of Railways

29 Transportation JT Department of Transportation

30 Labor and Occupational Safety LD Ministry of Labor and Social Security

31 Electronics SJ Ministry of Information Industry

32 Communications YD Ministry of Information Industry

33 Radio, Film and Television GY State Administration of Radio, Film and Television

34 Electricity DL State Economic and Trade Commission

35 Finance JR People's Bank of China

36 Ocean HY State Oceanic Administration

37 Archives DA National Archives Office

38 Commodity Inspection SN National Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Administration

39 Culture WH Ministry of Culture

40 Sports TY State General Administration of Sports

41 Commercial SB National Domestic Trade Authority

42 Material Management WB National Domestic Trade Authority

43 Environmental Protection HJ State Environmental Protection Administration

44 Rare Earth XB Rare Earth Office of the State Planning and Development Commission

45 Town Construction CJ Ministry of Construction

46 Construction Industry JG Construction Department

47 Press and Publication CY National Press and Publication Administration

48 Coal MT National Coal Industry Administration

49 Health WS Ministry of Health

50 Public Safety GA Ministry of Public Security

51 Packaging BB China Packaging Industry Corporation

52 Earthquake DB National Seismological Administration

53 Tourism LB National Tourism Administration

54 Meteorological QX China Meteorological Administration

55 Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation WM Ministry of Foreign Economic and Trade Cooperation

56 Customs HS General Administration of Customs

57 Post YZ National Post Office
　
Note: Industry standards are divided into mandatory and recommended standards. The mandatory industry standard code given in the table is the code of the recommended industry standard, and the code of the recommended industry standard is to add "/T" after the mandatory industry standard code, for example, the recommended industry standard code for the agricultural industry is NY/T.
　
JJF Metrological Verification Regulations

JJG Metrology Verification Regulations
　
National standard codes of various countries

Ordinal Standard Code Standard name

1 ANSI (formerly ASA, USASI) American National Standard

2 AS Australian Standard

3 BDSI Bangladesh National Standard

4 BS British Standard

5 CAS, CA Rhodesia, Central African standard

6 COSQC Iraqi Standards

7 C.S. Sri Lankan Standards

8 CSA Canadian Standards

9 CSK Standards for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

10 CSN original Czechoslovak standard

11 DGN Mexican Official Standard

12 DGNT Bolivian Standard

13 DIN German standard

14 DS Danish Standard

15 ELOT Greek standard

16 E.S. Egyptian Standards

17 ESI Ethiopian Standard

18 GS Ghana standard

19 ICONTEC Colombian Standard

20 INAPI Algerian standard

21 INEN Ecuadorian Standard

22 IOS Iraq Standard

23 IRAM Argentina standard

24 IRS Irish Standard

25 IS Indian Standard

26 ISIRI Iran Standard

27 ITINTEC Peruvian standard

28 JIS Japanese Industrial Standard

29 JS Jamaican Standard

30 J.S.S Jordanian Standard

31 JUS Yugoslav standard

32 KS Korean standard

33 KSS Kuwaiti Standard

34 L.S. Lebanese Standards

35 LS Libyan standard

36 MCIR Cyprus standard

37 MS Malaysian Standard

38 MSZ Hungarian standard

39 NB Brazilian Standard

40 NBN Belgian standard

41 NC, UNC Cuban standards

42 NCh Chilean standard

43 NEN Dutch Standard

44 NF French standard

45 NHS Greek National Standard

46 NI Indonesian Standards

47 NOP Peruvian standard

48 NORVEN Venezuelan standard

49 NP Portuguese standard

50 NS NORWAY STANDARD

51 NSO Nigerian Standard

52 NZS New Zealand standard

53 ONORM Austrian standard

54 OSS Sudanese standard

55 PN Polish standard

56 PNA Paraguayan standard

57 PS Pakistan Standard

58 PTS Philippine standard

59 SABS South African Standard

60 SASO Saudi Arabian Standard

61 S.S. Singapore

62 SFS Finnish standard

63 S.I Israeli Standard

64 SIS Swedish standard

65 SLS Sri Lankan standard

66 SNIMA Moroccan standard
67 SNV Swiss Standards Institute standard

68 SS Sudanese standard

69 SSS Syrian standard

70 STAS Romanian standard

71 STASH Albanian standard

72 TCVN Vietnam Democratic Republic standard

73 TGL former German Democratic Republic standard

74 TNAI Thai standard

75 TS Turkish standard

76 UBS Myanmar Union Standard

77 UNE Spanish standard

78 UNI Italian Standard

79 UNIT Uruguay Institute for Technical Standards standards

80 VCT Mongolian National Standard

81 ZS Zambian Standard

82 БДС Bulgarian standard

83 ГССТ Soviet standard

ISO national standard

API American Petroleum Institute standards

ANSI American National Standard

MSS American Valve and Fitting Manufacturers Standards Association standards

BS British National Standard

AWS American Welding Association Standards

DIN German national standard

AWWA American Waterways Workers Association Standard

JIS Japanese Industrial Standard

JPI Japan Petroleum Institute Standard

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers standards

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials standards